This study developed green vortex-assisted deep EUTECTIC based liquid PHASE microextraction for preconcentration and separation of malachite green from water samples prior to determination with UV-Visible spectrometer. The prepared deep EUTECTIC solvent contains di 2-ethyl hexyl phosphate and decanoic acid with the mole ratio of 1:2 as the extraction solvent. After optimizing the influential parametersThe influential parameters including pH, temperature and vortex time, sample volume and ionic strength were optimized and the optimum values of 6, 30 ºC, 30 s, 20 mL, and without adding salt in which the extarction efficiency of 99.66 % was achieved. Moreover, at optimum conditions, the analytical performance of the method was evaluated. the limits of detection and quantification (defined as 3Sb /m and 10Sb /m, respectively) of 3.035 µg L-1 and 10.011.05 µg L-1 were obtained for malachite green (MG). The linear dynamic ranges of 10-600 (µg L-1) and the correlation coefficients (r2) of 0.9936 were attained. Moreover, the enrichment factor of 63.1 was obtained. The relative standard deviation (%) for 100 µg L-1 of MG solution was 2.5 which showed high precision of the process. The novel combination of green vortex-assisted deep EUTECTIC based liquid PHASE microextraction and diethyl hexyl phosphate and decanoic acid represented high potential for application in real samples in which the method was successfully applied in water samples with high relative recoveries of 93.0-102.2 % which confirms significant capability of the proposed method.

hypothesis: PHASE-change materials (PCMs) are utilized in energy conservation systems due to their outstanding merits including high energy storage capacity and small temperature variation in the PHASE transition interval. Fatty acids are the preferable kind of organic PCMs due to their features such as high latent heat capacity, environmental friendly, chemical resistance and non-corrosive properties. For practical applications, fatty acid PCM suffers from leakage during frequent storage/ retrieval process. This flaw can be mitigated by encapsulation of PCM in a micro/ nano-sized supporting matrix. Although PCM encapsulation can be accomplished in various ways, the polymeric holding structures are efficient methods. Electrospinning is a novel flexible technique which facilitates the fabrication of ultrafine polymeric fibers in large scale and wide range of diameters. Methods: Electrospinning of ternary EUTECTIC fatty acid mixture was carried out to fabricate nanofibers with appropriate thermal properties. The PHASE-change materials (PCMs) used including capric acid (CA), palmitic acid (PA), lauric acid (LA) and their ternary EUTECTICs were supported by polymeric matrix of polylactic acid (PLA) in production of nanofibers through the electrospinning technique. Findings: The fabricated composites have undergone various characterization tests including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) to study their chemical, morphological and thermal properties. The FTIR analyses showed that no chemical reaction occurred by composite constituents. The SEM analysis showed that the fibers were formed smoothly and without beads. In addition, the formation of hydrogen bond between PLA and ternary EUTECTIC fatty acid mixture (C-L-P) showed the capability to encapsulate PCMs into the PLA polymer matrix. It was also observed that the composite fibers have an appropriate PHASE transition temperature range of about 12˚ C and are suitable fibers which contain PCM having capability in energy storage/retrieval systems (e. g. textiles) to operate at low temperatures.

The purpose of this study is to provide an alternative design for the PHASE equilibrium experiment of naphthalene-diphenyl amine system, etc. in the Physical Chemistry Laboratory course with a green chemistry approach. In this proposed method, palmitic acid-pentadecanoic acid system has been used. The PHASE equilibrium diagram of this system shows a simple EUTECTIC point. The proposed system, unlike solid-PHASE equilibrium systems-common liquid in physical chemistry lab, not only does not have environmental problems and is not harmful to human health, but its waste materials can be easily recycled. After reviewing the results, the melting point of 66. 4 ° C for palmitic acid and 60. 3 ° C for pentadecanoic acid was obtained. Then, the adaptation of the experimental data was performed with the proposed polynomials of Excel software and the enthalpy of melting of palmitic acid was determined as 60. 85 kJ per mole. Also, the EUTECTIC point was observed around 57 ° C and molar fraction 0. 44 for palmitic acid.

Introduction In 2003 Abbott et al. reported a new generation of ionic liquid (IL) entitled deep EUTECTIC solvents (DESs), a new class of solvents. DESs have two or three components with a large depression of melting points [1]. These ingredients involve a variety of ionic and neutral species and have the role of either hydrogen bond acceptors or hydrogen bond donors, which play the role of Lewis or Bronsted acids and bases [2]. Recyclability, low vapor pressure, and low toxicity are important properties of deep EUTECTIC solvents. These Eco-friendly properties of deep EUTECTIC solvents have attracted researchers' attention [2, 3]. Bio-oil and biofuel productions [4-7],...

In this paper, liquid PHASE microextraction technique based on deep EUTECTIC solvent was used for preconcentration of trace levels of Cu2+ followed by its determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). 8-Hydroxy quinolone (oxine) was used as a complexing agent and the mixture of choline chloride-phenol with a mole ratio of 1:3 was used as an extraction solvent. By using ultrasonicated dispersive liquid PHASE microextraction technique, the extraction solvent was dispersed in the sample solution and extracted the hydrophobic complex in a short time. Different parameters affecting the relative recovery including pH of sample solution, concentration of complexing agent, mole ratio of extraction solvent component, volume of extraction solvent, extraction time and volume of aprotic solvent (tetrahydrofuran) were completely investigated and optimized. Under the optimum conditions, the calibration curve was linear in the range of 20-300 µg L-1 Cu2+ with a limit of detection of 4.5 µg L-1 Cu2+ (n=8). Also, the relative standard deviation based on seven replicate analysis of solution containing 50 µg L-1 Cu2+ was 3.1%.  Finally, the proposed efficient, rapid and green liquid PHASE microextraction was successfully used for determination of trace levels of Cu2+ in different water samples.

Introduction: Use of different methods for GnRH administration in ART cycles is a controversy.Microdose regimens in poor- responder patients are very useful and this has been determined by some studies, but it is not clear how this regimen affects patients with first (IVF/ICSI) cycle. Materials & Methods: In a prospective, randomized, clinical trial study at The Research and Clinical Center for Infertility and Madar Hospital, Yazd, we compared 140 patients who were candidates for IVF/ICSI for the first time. 70 patients received Microdose flare (A Group) and 70 patients were administered GnRH in long luteal PHASE (B group). Number of oocytes, follicles, embryos and the pregnancy outcome were compared in both groups. In microdose group, after administration of 21 contraceptive pills in the last cycle from day 3 , GnRH was given to patients ( 0.05 cc twice a day) and H MG from day 5 (3 vials a day). In long protocol, the patients received 0.5 cc Buserelin daily from day 21 subcutaneously and with the beginning of bleeding , the dosage was decreased to half. HMG was given three times a day. As the follow up of some patients was difficult and their pregnancy outcome was unknown, 14 patients of A group and 3 patients of B group were left out from the study. The data was analyzed by chi-square and T test. Results: Number of oocytes, embryos and outcome of pregnancy were not different the in two groups. However, the number of mature follicles in long method was higher but not significant statistically. Conclusion: The Microdose flare regimen thus offers no further advantage for patients with first cycle of IVF/ICSI.